Since ancient times, Indian social structure is predominantly male dominant oriented. Though women are half of the population, they have never been given appropriate opportunities in state administration. Even now, representation of women in state administration is very low. At present, women representation in Lok Sabha is around 11 percent only. It certainly shows the unequal representation in the legislature. In order to increase the representation of women in administration, Government of India provided at least one third of reservations to women in Urban and Rural Local bodies. Further, women reservation bill was prepared to reserve one-third seats of the Lok sabha and state legislative assemblies. As per the bill, women reserved seats allotment will be on a rotational basis, and reservations will cease after 15 years of commencement of Act.
In 1996, Government of India introduced women reservation bill in the parliament, but failed to convert it to an Act. Later several attempts made by successive governments, but they failed to achieve consensus among the political parties. Last year, Ruling party with the support of the major opposition party, women reservation bill was passed in Rajya Sabha. After that, bill was supposed to introduce in Lok Sabha but due to some political strategies of respective parties, bill was not introduced.
Political power is an important element in Women empowerment. Women reservation is a tool to access the political power for women. It will give adequate opportunities to underprivileged women to be part of the government and policy making. At present, in India, the talent pool of politicians is often from men, but women reservation will widen the catchment area. It will enhance the administration abilities of women and in turn the administration itself. For instance, after reservations, significant positive changes were observed in rural and urban local bodies, where women were representing. Many countries are already providing women reservations and registered impressive gains. Women reservations give an opportunity to women to raise their voice on their problems, concerns and demands. In the long term, it will enhance the position of women in our society.
There may be few disputable issues associated with the bill like rotational basis of allotment of seats, creamy layer issue etc. This bill may not be the best or only solution to empowerment of women. However, let not the perfect be the enemy of the good.
